Active intervention and conservation: Africa’s pachyderm problem

The data on interspecific interactions stem from 1044 h of observation during 201 nights spent between 1991 and 1994 within the 22700 km? Etosha National Park, Namibia. We focused on three discrete sites, designated here simply as 'A', 'B', and 'C'. because of the possibility of continued poaching. The areas are separated by about 70 and 200 km. More than 98% of 52 individually known adult rhinos were philopatric to respective study sites; thus, we considered our areas as independent.

In Pilanesberg National Park, which is less than 0.5% the size of Etosha, between 10 and 17 adult white male rhinos were killed most probably by young male elephants relocated there as orphans.