1. The combination of endocrine monitoring with ultrasonographic examinations of the entire female reproductive tracts under anesthesia provided information which neither of these techniques on its own would have been able to supply.
2. The combination of Detomidine, Buthorphanol, followed by Ethorphine and i.v. Ketamine proved to be a reliable anesthesia protocol for white rhinoceroses.
3. Semen collection by electroejaculation proved to be a reliable technique: ejaculates gathered by this method were used for cryopreservation and results suggest that post thaw quality is sufficient for artificial insemination.
4. In addition to female related infertility, infertile or subfertile males with inadequate ejaculate quality are a major cause of the low reproductive performance in captive white rhino.
5. Acyclicity is a major cause of infertility in female white rhinoceroses. Acyclic females consist of two groups, a) females with no luteal activity (flatliners) and b) females with persistent luteal activity. Ultrasound examinations revealed several causes for flatliners; in adult females the causes are either small ovarian cysts, 'micro corpora lutea' or inactive and small ovaries. In contrast to the small ovarian cysts in 'flatliners', females with persistent luteal activity had cysts of up to 10 cm in diameter; the permanent estrogenic state of these large cysts cause severe uterine pathologies resulting in infertility.
6. Uterine pathologies were identified in about 55% of the females investigated; about half. of these animals (27.5 %) were classified post reproductive due to severity of pathologies, whereas the other 27.5 % were still considered to be fertile beside mild pathologies were present. Females which do not bred before the age of 12 - l5 y, are likely to develop uterine pathologies. In contrast these pathologies were not seen in old (>25 y) proven breeders.
7. A reliable technique for artificial insemination and for the intra-uterine placement of sperm is available.
Schwarzenberger, F.; Walzer, C.; Tomasova, K.; Goeritz, F.; Thayaparan, S.; Hermes, R. 2002. An IRF/ SOS Rhino sponsored integrated approach to enhance the reproductive performance of white rhinoceroses in the EEP.
An IRF/ SOS Rhino sponsored integrated approach to enhance the reproductive performance of white rhinoceroses in the EEP
Chapter from the book
Schwammer, H.M.; Foose, T.J.; Fouraker, M.; Olson, D. 2002. A research update on elephants and rhinos: proceedings of the International Elephant and Rhino Research Symposium, Vienna, June 7-11, 2001. Muenster, Schuling. pp. 1-352.
Book chapter
Book chapter
Atkinson, M.W.; Hull, B.; Gandolf, A.R.; Blumer, E.S. 2002. Long-term medical and surgical management of chronic pododermatitis in a greater one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis): a progress report. pp. 159-163
Book chapter
Book chapter
Ball, R.L.; Morrow, M. 2002. Comparison of the antiphospholipid syndrome to medical syndromes of captive black rhinos (Diceros bicornis). p. 304, table 1
Book chapter
Bobko, C.M. 2002. Practical applications of operant conditioning for health, research and behavior in the black rhinoceros. p. 165
Book chapter
Bosi, E.J.; Kilbourn, A.; Schaffer, N.E. 2002. Sumatran rhinoceros conservation strategy in Sabah, Malaysia. pp. 166-172
Book chapter
Cunningham, J.; Morgan-Davies, A.M.; O’Ryan, C. 2002. Counting rhinos from dung: a method to estimate the minimum number of animals present in a protected area using microsatellite DNA. p. 173
Book chapter
Dierenfeld, E.S.; Jarzombek, J.; Irlbeck, N.A.; Radcliffe, R.W.; Fleming, J. 2002. Development of a pelleted diet for browsing rhino species based on native plant composition. pp. 174-180, tables 1-4. pp. 174-180, tables 1-4
Book chapter
Weber, B.; Paglia, D.E.; Harley, E.H. 2002. Red cell metabolism in the black rhinoceros: relevance to haemolytic disease. p. 181. p. 181
Book chapter
Hermes, R.; Goeritz, F.; Blottner, S.; Walzer, C.; Schwarzenberger, F.; Hildebrandt, T.B. 2002. Semen collection, sperm assessment and cryo-preservation in African rhinoceroses. p. 182
Book chapter
Kellner, K.; Kretzschmar, P.; Foerster, M. 2002. AFLP as an economical method for correct field observations for genetic wildlife management in rhinoceros. pp. 183-189, fig. 1, tables 1-2
Book chapter
Kiefer, B.; Wichert, B.; Ganslosser, U.; Kretzschmar, P.; Kienzle, E. 2002. Digestibility trials in the zoo compared to field studies of white rhinoceros. pp. 190-195, fig. 1, tables 1-4
Book chapter
Kretzschmar, P. 2002. Population growth, sex ratio and reproduction of white rhinoceros in South Africa. pp. 196-201, figs. 1-3
Book chapter
Maskey, T.; Jnawali, S.R.; Pradhan, N.M.B.; Dhakal, N.P.D. 2002. Reintroduction of greater one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) in the Royal Bardia NP and Royal Suklaphanta WR, western lowland, Nepal. pp. 202-209, table 1
Book chapter
Miller, R.E. 2002. An overview of diseases of black rhinoceroses in North America 1980 – 2001. pp. 210-215
Book chapter
O’Ryan, C.; Cunningham, J.; Harley, E.H. 2002. Microsatellite analysis of African black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) to determine genetic diversity and population structure. p. 216
Book chapter
Paglia, D.E.; Dierenfeld, E.S.; I-Hsien Tsu 2002. Pathological iron overloads acquired in captivity by browsing (but not by naturally grazing) rhinoceroses. p. 217. p. 217
Book chapter
Schaffer, N.E.; Meehan, T.P.; Jeyendran, R.S. 2002. Successful electroejaculation and other semen procurement methods from four species of rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum, Diceros bicornis, Rhinoceros unicornis, Dicerorhinus sumatrensis). p. 218. p. 218
Book chapter
Sinha, S.P.; Sawarkar, V.B.; Tewari, A. 2002. Management of reintroduced greater one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicomis) in Dudhwa National Park & Tiger Reserve, Uttar Pradesh, India. pp. 222-230, table 1
Book chapter
Strien, N.J. van 2002. Conservation program for Sumatran and Javan rhino in Indonesia and Malaysia. pp. 231-236, table 1
Book chapter
Walzer, C.; Goeritz, F.; Hermes, R.; Thayaparan, S.; Schwarzenberger, F. 2002. Anesthesia management in white rhinos for reproductive evaluation, semen collection and AI – a team approach. pp. 237-241, maps 1-2
Book chapter
Kretzschmar, P.; Ganslosser, U.; Goldschmid, A.; Aberham, A. 2002. Stimulation of territorial and mating behaviour by faecal samples: a comparative study on behaviour of captive and free-living white rhinoceros. pp. 299-302, figs. 1-4
Book chapter
Agil, M.; Riyanto, M.A.C.T.; Sumampau, T.; Hodges, J.K.; Strien, N.J. van 2002. A program of managed breeding for the Sumatran rhinoceros at the Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary, Way Kambas National Park, Indonesia. p. 303
Book chapter
Ball, R.L.; Murphy, D.; Olsen, J.H.; Burton, M.; Dumonceaux, G. 2002. Multiple isoflurane anesthesia in a captive black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis). p. 305
Book chapter
Budde, C.; Klump, G. 2002. Vocal communication in the black rhino (Diceros bicornis ssp.) and possibilities of individual communication. pp. 306-309, figs. 1-2, table 1
Book chapter
Clauss, M.; Froeschle, T.; Lechner-Doll, M.; Hatt, J.M.; Ganslosser, U.; Dierenfeld, E.S. 2002. Feeding tannins to captive black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis): Results of a pilot study. p. 310
Book chapter
Henning, J.; Gindrig, T. 2002. Feeding habits of desert dwelling black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis), in Kunene region northwest of Namibia. pp. 311-313, fig. 1, table 1
Book chapter
Hermes, R.; Hildebrandt, T.B.; Schwarzenberger, F.; Walzer, C.; Fritsch, G.; Goeritz, F. 2002. Reproductive disorders in white rhinoceroses and the value of ultrasonographic assessment. p. 314
Book chapter
Mraz, B.; Modler, F.; Walzer, C.; Jago, M.; Reinhart, P.R.; Schwarzenberger, F. 2002. Faecal steroid analysis in free-ranging female white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum simum) on Otjiwa Game Ranch in Namibia. p. 315
Book chapter
Schaffer, N.E.; Bryant, W. 2002. Progesterone supplemented pregnancy in a black rhinoceros (Diceros bicomis): a case report. pp. 316-321
Book chapter
Schaffer, N.E.; Agil, M.; Bosi, E.J. 2002. Utero – ovarian pathological complex of the Sumatran Rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis). p. 322
Book chapter
Silinski, S.; Walzer, C.; Schwarzenberger, F.; Stolla, R. 2002. Influence of alpha-2-agonists on manual semen collection in a standing white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum). pp. 323-326, figs. 1-3
Book chapter
Seror, B.; Zerovsky, Y.; Katkoff, D.J.; Terkel, A. 2002. Genetic kinship and social structure in white rhinos at Zoological Center Tel Aviv Ramat Gan (Safari). pp. 327-329. pp. 327-329
Book chapter
Tuah, M.N.A.; Kilbourn, A.; Bosi, E.J.; Schaffer, N.E.; Mohamed, M. 2002. Demographics of Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis harrissoni) in Sabah, Malaysia: correlation to food distribution in Tabin Wildlife Reserve. p. 330
Book chapter
2002. An overview of pathological alterations of hooves and soles of captive Indian rhinos (Rhinoceros unicornis) and a comparison of anatomical foot structures of captive Indian rhinos (Rhinoceros unicornis). pp. 331-332
Note
Location
World
Subject
General
Species
All Rhino Species
