The Schenkel pair started to census the rhinos from footprints, a method which is still used. They estimated 20-30 animals in 1967/68, and 54-62 in 1981-82.
1972, The protection and organisation of the reserve is taken over by the new PPA, Perlindungan dan Penga Alam, Directorate of Nature Conservation and Wildlife Management.
1912, The Netherlands Indies Society for the protection of Nature limits the shooting of several species in Ujung Kulon.
1921, The Netherlands Indies Society for the Protection of Nature was granted 300 km? of Ujung Kulon Peninsula as a nature reserve. Panaitan island was protected as a separate reserve.
We feel that the conservation program should be extended, for the following reasons. 1. The population has reached a high density and is potentially threatened by endoparasites and by other infectious diseases, possibly transmitted by cows. An infection occurred in the recnt past and can happen again, as the rhinos have been passing the eastern border of the reserve. 2. In 1981 there were 6 births, in 1982 there were 5. In 1981 5 adults died. The recruitment rate is very slow. This points to the fact that the population has reached its maximum. This leads to the following recommendations. 1. Intensive study of the population in Ujung Kulon and search for optimum methods for censusing. 2. Start of a controlled free population elsewhere In indonesia and /or keeping of a group in captivity.
We never saw a rhinoceros during one-week stay at south coast. During the dry season the animals move to the northern parts of the aprk, because there is more water and food there than in the south-east. We saw tracks which were made quite a while earlier. We went to camp of Dieter Plage, the photographer, in Tjigenter on the north coast. We heard a rhino when on a river but it retreated into the forest.
1958, Ujung Kulon again declared a Nature Reserve and the coastal boundaries were extended 500 metres seawards. To the east of the peninsula 20,000 ha of the Gunung Honje range also became nature reserves and guarding was re-introduced.
1967, The area of the park is extended from 10.000 to 52.000 ha and now has a core area and an eastern buffer zone.
