When the dam in the kariba Gorge was closed in December 1958 the waters of the Zambezi River rose to fill the upper part of the Middle Zambezi Valley, forming Lake Kariba. In the process about 5500 km? of land were flooded, along 240 km of the valley. The lake reached full storage level in late 1963. Diceros bicornis did not use the flood plain as a normal, dry season feeding area, but apparently needs to drink in the dry season, and rhino were recorded crossing the flood plains to drink at the Zambezi.
Wallows used by buffalo and rhinoceros may consist simply of an area of churned up, damp mud, insufficiently deep to act as a pool. Both these species apply mud to themselves by rolling and wallowing, and have no effective means of scooping it up unto themselves. Rhinoceros will horn the soil at the side of the wallow. Rhino does not use wallows made by buffalo or elephant.
