India total 1600
420
total over 500
2500
315
5297
3,000
7095
ca. 30
65,000, black & white, all Africa
1024
Reasons for decline in rhino poaching: 1. Increased government protection of remnant population in fenced-off reserves. Namibia improved rhino protection from 1985, mostly keeping them inside fenced national parks with a smaller number free-ranging but regularly monitored. 2. Government encouragement of private wildlife sanctuaries. In the early 1990s a few on Namibia's 600 black rhino were being managed on private land. 3. Improved local law enforcement. Namibia's maximum sentence for killing a rhino rose from a 6000 rand fine/ or 6 years imprisonment to 20,000 rand, about $ 45,000, and a possible 20 years in prison. 4. Drop in international demand of rhino horn.
2475
Reasons for decline in rhino poaching: 1. Increased government protection of remnant population in fenced-off reserves. In kenya, the government developed special black rhino sanctuaries, usually fenced, in Lake Nakuru NP, Nairobi NP and Ngulia Rhino Sanctuary in Tsavo NP. 2. Government encouragement of private wildlife sanctuaries. Several wealthy and motivated people were allowed by Kenya government to invest in black rhino conservation on private ranches. In 1995, 28% of the 420 black rhino in Kenya were on 5 private sanctuaries. 3. Improved local law enforcement. 4. Drop in international demand of rhino horn.
Reasons for decline in rhino poaching: 1. Increased government protection of remnant population in fenced-off reserves. In Zimbabwe, the government created Intensive protection Zones in the early 1990s. These are areas within larger pieces of government land, which have natural barriers or are fenced. 2. Government encouragement of private wildlife sanctuaries. In Zimbabwe the government permitted private landowners to establish fenced areas called conservancies under the control of at least 2 landowners. By 1995, 60 % of the 315 black rhino in the country were on privately-owned conservancies and other private properties. 3. Improved local law enforcement. 4. Drop in international demand of rhino horn.
In South Africa only white rhinos had been permitted to be kept on private ranches, but by the early 1990s black rhinos were allowed on private land as well. By 1995, out of total 1024 black rhino, about 51 were in 6 private reserves.
65,000, black & white, all Africa
Better law enforcement in the 1990s helped reduce poaching. South Africa set up a special police section called the Endangered Species Protection Unit in 1989 which has been effective in catching many rhino poachers and middlemen in southern Africa.
1995, India, export price stable at $9000 per kg since 1992
