Survey August-October 1990 - Ceratotherium simum. Total sample 61. Composed of 30/18 adults, 1 subadult male, 3 subadult females, 3 yearlings, 6 juveniles. Recorded in regions A,B (41.0%), C,D,E,F. The 1990 aerial count total of 1381 white rhino in KNP was 7.6% higher than in 1989, excluding the Punda Maria/Pafuri region where 3 were counted for the first time in 1988. Signs of an adult male white rhino were observed as far north as the Dothole windpumps, 17 km SSW of Punda Maria camp on 23 Oct 1990. Two male white rhino killed by anthrax were recorded in the Northern Region during Sep 1990.
survey August-October 1990 - Diceros bicornis. An adult male and adult female were seen together 3 km SW of Marabou windpump in the Sweni wilderness trails area (region D) on 6 Sep 1990. In the Ndunzi area near the Mocambique boundary, several old dungheaps were found along the Matshamabye watercourse 1.5 km west of the confluence with the Olifants River on 28 Sep 1990. Two dungheaps were also reported over 5 km SW of the Matshamabye site on the north bank of the Olifants river near the confluence with the Ltaba River on 5 Sep 1990.
Ground sample of 61 comprised 12 lone adult male, 4 bachelor groups of 2 adult male each, 5 pairs of adult male and adult female, 1 pair of adult female and subadult female, 1 pair of adult female and subadult female accompanied by 1 adult male, 2 pairs of adult female and young female, 3 pairs of adult female and juvenile, 3 pairs of adult female and juvenile accompanied by 1 adult male, 1 association of 1 adult female, 1 subadult female and 1 young male, and 1 association of 2 adult female plus 1 subadult male accompanied by 1 adult male. Mean group size recorded from the ground was 1.8 (range 1-4) compared with a mean group size of 2.2 from the air and 36.4% of ground observations were single adult males. Singletons comprised 19.7% of total number of rhinos encountered (n=61) during the ground survey, compared with 12.6% of the population recorded from the air.
