400
1500
21-28
1989, 1500
1912, < 100
Poached in 1982-1985, at least 233 rhinos poached in Kaziranga
less than 100.
In captive population Rhinoceros unicornis, 1981-1990. No difference in the monthly distribution of inbred and non-inbred births. Offspring born during the colder months (October to March) had a significantly higher mortality rate (25 %, n=51) than those born in warmer months (April to September: 10 %, n=49). Baur & Studer 1995, Table 1 , Inbred Calves, Non-Inbred Calves ,Lived,Died,Lived,Died Jan,4,1,6,3 Feb,1,0,3,1 Mar,2,0,3,1 Apr,0,0,6,0 May,2,0,5,1 Jun,1,0,4,1 Jul,2,0,5,2 Aug,3,0,11,1 Sep,2,0,3,0 Oct,2,0,6,3 Nov,2,0,3,2 Dec,1,1,5,1 ,,,, TOTAL,22,2,60,16 End
In captive population Rhinoceros unicornis, 1981-1990. The mean inbreeding coefficient of calves born in captivity increased from zero in the 1950s to 0.084 (range 0-0.375) in the 1980s. Of 53 calves born 1981-1990, 16 (30 %) were inbred. The mean inbreeding coefficient (1981-1990): At San Diego Wild Animal Park was 0.068 (range 0-0.250, n=11) At Stuttgart Zoo was 0.188 (n=5) At Basel Zoo was 0.333 (range 0.250-0.375, n=6). All offspring born since 1988 have an inbreeding coefficient of 0.375.
We suggest that the captive-breeding programme in North America, the American Zoo and Aquarium Association Species Survival Plan (SSP), be extended to a world-wide co-operative programme under the guidance of the appropriate organization. The time has come to institute sound genetic management of small populations to minimize inbreeding and maximize genetic diversity.
In captive population Rhinoceros unicornis, 1981-1990. Gestation tended to be shorter for inbred young than for non-inbred young Inbred young, 474.1 ? 9.7 days, n=10 Non-inbred young, 479.5 ? 5.8 days, n=14 (t=1.71, P=0.1)
[Definition] Inbreeding increases homozygous genotypes. Together with general tendencies for deleterious alleles to be recessive, this provides the basis of adverse effects. Inbreeding often leads to a reduction in viability and fertility.
Inbreeding coefficients based on pedigree were calculated with a computer porgram (THINK-PASCAL on Macintosh) using the additive relationship matrix method.
In captive population Rhinoceros unicornis, 1981-1990. Inbreeding increases by more than 4 % per generation. The study does not show any significant deleterious effects in captive Indian Rhino.
Individuals with inbreeding coefficient of zero were classified as 'non-inbred', those with an inbreeding coefficient greater than zero as 'inbred'. The terms non-inbred and inbred are relative and levels of inbreeding can only be quantified in respect to a base population.
Captive population. Birth weight is important for juvenile survival. Mean birth weight of calves that did not survive 6 months: 54.9 ? 2.6 kg, range 51-57 kg, n=18 (t=4.12, P<0.001) Mean birth weight of calves that did survive: 67.4 ? 5.9 kg, range 59-79 kg, n=18 (t=4.12, P<0.001) Inbred and non-inbred animal did not differ in birth weight.
