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Flower, S.S. 1931. Contributions to our knowledge of the duration of life in vertebrate animals, V. Mammals. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1931 (1): 145-234.

Contributions to our knowledge of the duration of life in vertebrate animals, V. Mammals

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Location Sudan Subject Distribution Species Black Rhino (bicornis)

Male in London Zoo, obtained on 12.2.1868 when quite young in Kassala, eastern Sudan, by Signor Casanova. In London Zoo, 11.9.1868-12.4.1891.

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Location Sudan Subject Distribution Species Black Rhino (bicornis) Year 1868

4. Female 'Begum', type of lasiotis, captured in Jan. 1868 sixteen hours march south of Chittagong. She was then considered 'adult' or 'at least 2 years old'

Note
Location Sudan Subject Distribution Species Black Rhino (bicornis)

Longevity in zoos. 1. Male, London Zoo, purchased 7.3.1874 to 23.1.1885, total 10 yrs 10 mo 16 days

Note
Location Sudan Subject Distribution Species Black Rhino (bicornis)

Zoo animals with maximum longevity: 1. Male in London Zoo, 19.5.1911-20.7.1924, total 13 yrs 2 months 1 day 2. Male in London Zoo, obtained on 12.2.1868 when quite young in Sudan. In London Zoo, 11.9.1868-12.4.1891, total 22 yrs 7 mo, 1 day, age ca. 23 ? years.

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Location Sudan Subject Distribution Species Black Rhino (bicornis)

Data. 1. Male, London Zoo, purchased when said to be 4 years old, 24.5.1834, died 19.9.1849, 15 yrs 3 mo 25 days, age c. 19 yrs 2. Male, London Zoo, presented 9.6.1906, died 4.1.1924, age 17 yrs 6 mo, 25 days 3. Traivandrum Zoo, species no definitely stated, received March 1878, died 16.6.1900, age at least 22 yrs 2 mo. 4. Female, London Zoo, purchased 17.7.1850, died 14.12.1873, age 23 yrs 4 mo 27 days 5. Adelaide Zoo, age 25 yrs [actually Rhinoceros sondaicus ] 6. Paris Zoo, early 19 th century, age 25 years 7. Male, 'Tom', London Zoo, presented 25.12.1886, died 30.12.1911, age 25 yrs 5 days 8. Philadelphia Zoo, 13.3.1875 - 3.1.1901, age 25 days 9 mo 20 days 9. Hamburg Zoo, purchased 1871 for ?650, killed 12.6.1900 on account of wound on its head, age at least 28 yrs 5 mo 12 days. 10. Male, Manchester Belle Vue, purchased 20.6 1876, died 1904, age at least 28 yrs 6 mo 10 days 11. Kept in Kathmandu (Hodgson 1834), age 35 yrs 12. Berlin Zoo, received 1872, living 1908, age 36 yrs 13. Male, Antwerp Zoo, died 7.9.1898, age 36 yrs 14. Male, 'Jim', London Zoo, presented 25.7.1864, died 6.12.1904, age 40 yrs 4 mo 11 days 15. Kept in Bengal (Sanyal 1892), age circa 47 yrs.

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Location Sudan Subject Distribution Species Black Rhino (bicornis) Year 1898

longevity in zoos. 13. Male, Antwerp Zoo, died 7.9.1898, age 36 yrs

Note
Location Sudan Subject Distribution Species Black Rhino (bicornis)

Longevity in zoos. 4. Female 'Begum', type of lasiotis, captured in Jan. 1868 sixteen hours march south of Chittagong. She was then considered 'adult' or 'at least 2 years old', arrived London Zoo 14.2.1872, died 31.8.1900, after 28 years, 6 months and 16 days, total longevity in captivity 32 yrs, 7 months, age ca. 35 years.

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Location Sudan Subject Distribution Species Black Rhino (bicornis)

Longevity in zoos. 6. Paris Jardin des Plantes, early 19 th century, age 25 years (cf. E.Oustalet 1900, p. 378, 379)

Note
Location Sudan Subject Distribution Species Black Rhino (bicornis) Year 1872

longevity in zoos. 1. lasiotis in Calcutta Zoo (Sanyal 1872), circa 10 yrs

Note
Location Sudan Subject Distribution Species Black Rhino (bicornis)

Longevity in zoos. 9. Hamburg Zoo, purchased 1871 for ?650, killed 12.6.1900 on account of wound on its head, age at least 28 yrs 5 mo 12 days.

Note
Location Sudan Subject Distribution Species Black Rhino (bicornis)

1. Male, London Zoo, purchased 7.3.1874 to 23.1.1885, total 10 yrs 10 mo 16 days 2. Calcutta Zoo (Sanyal 1892), lived over 14 yrs.

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Location Sudan Subject Distribution Species Black Rhino (bicornis)

1. lasiotis in Calcutta Zoo (Sanyal 1872), circa 10 yrs 2. Female in Madras Zoo (Flower 1914), circa 14 years, and left alive 3. Male (lasiotis) London Zoo, 27.4.1886-22.11.1910, total 24 yrs, 6 mo, 25 days 4. Female 'Begum', type of lasiotis, captured in Jan. 1868 sixteen hours march south of Chittagong. She was then considered 'adult' or 'at least 2 years old', arrived London Zoo 14.2.1872, died 31.8.1900, after 28 years, 6 months and 16 days, total longevity in captivity 32 yrs, 7 months, age ca. 35 years.

Note
Location Sudan Subject Distribution Species Black Rhino (bicornis) Year 1914

longevity in zoos. 2. Female in Madras Zoo (Flower 1914), circa 14 years, and left alive

Note
Location Sudan Subject Distribution Species Black Rhino (bicornis)

Longevity in zoos. 10. Male, Manchester Belle Vue, purchased 20.6 1876, died 1904, age at least 28 yrs 6 mo 10 days

Note
Location Sudan Subject Distribution Species Black Rhino (bicornis)

Longevity in zoos 1. Male, London Zoo, purchased when said to be 4 years old, 24.5.1834, died 19.9.1849, 15 yrs 3 mo 25 days, age c. 19 yrs 2. Male, London Zoo, presented 9.6.1906, died 4.1.1924, age 17 yrs 6 mo, 25 days 4. Female, London Zoo, purchased 17.7.1850, died 14.12.1873, age 23 yrs 4 mo 27 days 7. Male, 'Tom', London Zoo, presented 25.12.1886, died 30.12.1911, age 25 yrs 5 days 14. Male, 'Jim', London Zoo, presented 25.7.1864, died 6.12.1904, age 40 yrs 4 mo 11 days

Note
Location Sudan Subject Distribution Species Black Rhino (bicornis)

Longevity in zoos. 3. Trivandrum Zoo, species no definitely stated, received March 1878, died 16.6.1900, age at least 22 yrs 2 mo. [according to H.S. Ferguson 1899-1900, p.18]

Note
Location Sudan Subject Distribution Species Black Rhino (bicornis)

Longevity in zoos. 8. Philadelphia Zoo, 13.3.1875 - 3.1.1901, age 25 days 9 mo 20 days

Note
Location Sudan Subject Distribution Species Black Rhino (bicornis)

Longevity in zoos. 12. Berlin Zoo, received 1872, living 1908, age 36 yrs

Note
Location Sudan Subject Distribution Species Black Rhino (bicornis)

Longevity in zoos. 15. Kept in Bengal (Sanyal 1892), age circa 47 yrs.

Note
Location Sudan Subject Distribution Species Black Rhino (bicornis) Year 1834

Longevity in zoos. 11. Kept in Kathmandu (Hodgson 1834), age 35 yrs

Note
Location Sudan Subject Distribution Species Black Rhino (bicornis)

Longevity in zoos. 3. Male (lasiotis) London Zoo, 27.4.1886-22.11.1910, total 24 yrs, 6 mo, 25 days 4. Female 'Begum', type of lasiotis, captured in Jan. 1868 sixteen hours march south of Chittagong. She was then considered 'adult' or 'at least 2 years old', arrived London Zoo 14.2.1872, died 31.8.1900, after 28 years, 6 months and 16 days, total longevity in captivity 32 yrs, 7 months, age ca. 35 years.

Note
Location Sudan Subject Distribution Species Black Rhino (bicornis)

Longevity in zoos - Rhinoceros unicornis . 5. Adelaide Zoo, age 25 yrs [actually Rhinoceros sondaicus ]

Note
Location Sudan Subject Distribution Species Black Rhino (bicornis)

Longevity in zoos. Calcutta Zoo (Sanyal 1892), lived over 14 yrs.

Note
Location Sudan Subject Distribution Species Black Rhino (bicornis)

1. Male in London Zoo, presented 19.5.1911-20.7.1924, total 13 yrs 2 months 1 day 2. Male in London Zoo, obtained on 12.2.1868 when quite young in Kassala, eastern Sudan, by Signor Casanova. In London Zoo, 11.9.1868-12.4.1891, total 22 yrs 7 mo, 1 day, age ca. 23 ? years.

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