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History of Clara

1754 / Warsaw, Poland

A German newspaper reported for 29 September 1754 that the rhinoceros was close to Warsaw (source 7451). In October it was still expected, when an officer of the Guards committed suicide (source 7452). Clara arrived on 5 October 1754 (source 7453) and the exhibition was a great success as reported on 16 October (source 7454). She was shown to the son of King August III in the Saxon Palace in Warsaw on 6 November 1754 (source 7455). The exhibition in Warsaw was confirmed on 8 November 1754 (source 7456). It returned by boat to Elbing at the end of the month (source 7457).

Literature

  • Heikamp 1980: 315–316, note 34
  • Van der Ham 2022, p. 185, 192
  • Rookmaaker 1998:66 (after Heikamp)

Timeline – 1754 – Warsaw

18 October – Reached Bilane, close to Warsaw
25 October – Regiments-Profoß der Gron. Garde committed suicide in Franciscaner-Kirche
6 November – At Royal Palace, seen by sons of August III and others
8 November – To be seen in Warsaw
November – transported from Warsaw to Elblag, arriving 27 November (on the coast)


Source 7451 [as 7401]. Altonaischer Mercurius, 18 October 1754

Douwe Mout 1754. Altonaischer Mercurius, Dienstag den 8. Oktober 1754, no. 157, p. 2

Warschau, vom 29 September

Original text (German)

Warschau, vom 29 September. Das in der Welt so stark herum gereißte Rhinoceros wird nun auch ehestens daselbst eintreffen, indem sich solches schon in Bielane, eine Meile von Warschau, befindet.

English translation

The rhinoceros, which has been so widely admired throughout the world, will soon arrive there, as it is already in Bielane, a mile from Warsaw.


Source 7452. Historischer Nachrichten, October 1754

Douwe Mout 1754. Kurtz-gefasster historischer Nachrichten zum Behuf der neuern europäischen Begebenheiten, No. 43 in sich haltend Politica im Monath October 1754, p. 856

Original text (German)

In Warschau, wo demnächst das ungeheure Rhinoceros, das wir vor einigen Jahren allhier in Regenspurg gesehen und welches schon eine schöne Tour durch manche Europäische Lande gemacht, erwartet wird, hat sich am 25. ejusd. [October] ein Beyspiel eines gräulichen Selbst-Mords ereignet. Der Regiments-Profoß der Gron. Garde begab sich in die Franciscaner-Kirche, und nachdem er vor dem Altar niedergekniet, gab er sich zwey Messerstiche im Leib, daß er tod zu Boden fiel.

English translation

In Warsaw, where the enormous rhinoceros we saw here in Regensburg a few years ago, and which has already made a wonderful tour through many European countries, is expected to appear soon, an example of a gruesome suicide occurred on October 25th. The regimental provost of the Great Guard went to the Franciscan church and, after kneeling before the altar, stabbed himself twice in the body, falling dead to the ground.


Source 7453. Altonaischer Mercurius, 15 October 1754

Douwe Mout 1754. Altonaischer Mercurius, Dienstag den 15. Oktober 1754, no. 161, p. 3

Warschau, vom 5 Oktober

Original text (German)

Warschau, vom 5 Oktober. Das Thier Rhinoceros ist gestern hier eingetroffen, und der Zulauf vom Volke ist so stark, das der Führer desselben viel Geld zu verdienen gedenket.

English translation

The animal rhinoceros arrived here yesterday, and the influx of people is so great that its leader hopes to make a lot of money.


Source 7454. Altonaischer Mercurius, 29 October 1754

Douwe Mout 1754. Altonaischer Mercurius, Dienstag den 29. Oktober 1754, no. 169, p. 36

Warschau, vom 19 Oktober

Original text (German)

Warschau, vom 19 Oktober. Der Zulauf zum Rhinoceros ist so stark, daß der Kron-Marschall dem Eigenthümer eine Wache vor die Thür hat geben müssen. Von hier will der Eigner des Thiers mit demselben nach Danzig zu Wasser gehen.

English translation

The demand for the rhinoceros is so high that the Crown Marshal has had to post a guard at the owner’s door. From here, the owner intends to take the animal by water to Danzig.


Source 7455. Gazety pisane z Warszawy, 1754

* August III (1696–1763), King of Poland
The Saxon Palace in Warsaw was completed in the 1740s. [Destroyed in WW2]

From Heikamp 1980: 315–316, note 34
Note: Heikamp translates this to ‘November 1754’ but text is ‘9bris’ for September ?.

Breslau, Biblioteca Ossolinski, Gazzetta, Instituto Nacional Ossoliński de Wroclaw
Manuscript:
Gazety pisane z Warszawy i z różnych miejscowości w Polsce i za granicą z lat 1750–1781
omnis-zno.primo.exlibrisgroup.com
Ms. 855/I, cc. 203 v – 204 r

Original text (Polish)

Z Warszawy D. 6. 9bris [?] 1754. Die 30 dapii sprowadzono tu do Palacu Krolewskiego Rhynoceroza, ktoremu Krolewiczowie Ichme in magna frequentia Dworu i roznych Ichmiow przypatrzywszy sie udali sie na komedie.

[translated by Heikamp 1980]

German translation (Heikamp 1980)

Am 6 November 1754 wurde das Tier in den Koniglichen Palast zu Warschau gebracht, wo es die Söhne August III., die Hofgesellschaft sowie zahlreiche Gaste und Touristen bewunderten. Nach der Schaustellung begaben sich alle Anwesenden zur Aufführung einer Komödie.

English translation

About 30 days ago, on 6 November 1754, the animal was brought to the Royal Palace in Warsaw, where it was admired by the sons of August III, the court, and numerous guests and tourists. After the display, everyone present went to a comedy performance.


Source 7456. Staats-Relation, 8 November 1754

Douwe Mout 1754. Staats-Relation derer neuesten Europäischen Nachrichten und Begebenheiten (Regensburg), vol. 6 no. 135, 8 November 1754, p. 536

Original text (German)

Das Rhinoceros, so A. 1747, den 4 Mart. hieher gekommen, ist nun auch in Warschau angelangt. Die Curiosite, dieses Their, dergleichen noch nie in Europa gesehen worden, zu sehen, hat eine solche erstaunliche Menge Zuscherben gelocket, daß der Kron-Marschall dem Eigenthümer desselben eine Wache vor die Thür geben müssen. Dieses Thier wird von hier wieder zu Wasser nach Danzig zuruck gebracht werden; hingegen wird von daher in Warschau das grosse Frauenzimmer von ungeheurer Länge wieder erwartet.

English translation

The rhinoceros, which arrived here [in Regensburg] on 4 March 1747, has now arrived in Warsaw. The curiosity of seeing this rhino, the likes of which had never been seen in Europe before, has attracted such an astonishing number of visitors that the Crown Marshal had to post a guard at the owner’s door. This rhinoceros will be brought back to Danzig by water from here; on the other hand, the large female figure of immense length is expected back in Warsaw.


Source 7457. Elbingsche Chronik

The Elbingsche Chronik (Nov 1754) states that the rhino was transported from Warsaw to Elblag (see source 7502).

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