Bertschinger, H.J., 1994. Reproduction in black and white rhinos: a review: pp. 155-161, fig.1
 | In: Penzhorn, B.L. et al. Proceedings of a symposium on rhinos as game ranch animals. Onderstepoort, Republic of South Africa, 9-10 September 1994: pp. i-iv, 1-242 |
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| Location: |
World |
| Subject: |
Reproduction |
| Species: |
Black Rhino |
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Black rhinos in Africa appear to cycle the year round. However, there is a bimodal distribution which is reflected in the calving pattern. The majority conceptions occur in October-November and a second peak is seen in April-July. These correspond with parturition peaks in January-February and June-August, respectively.
During puberty cows appear to cycle erratically and only once they have calved once or twice do they cycle at regular intervals. Hitchins and Anderson recorded 10 oestrous cycles in mature cows in the wild. The cycles varied from 26 to 46 days with a mean of 35 days. The bull was attracted to the cow for 6-7 days but the cow apparently only allowed mating on the last day. This probably means that the first 5-6 days should be regarded as pro-oestrus and that oestrus (standing heat) is only one day long. The signs of pro-oestrus are obvious and similar to those of the mare. Cows show frequent tail erecting, void small amounts of urine with simultaneous winking of the vulva. The vulva is distinctly swollen. In zoos overt behavioural changes are also noted. Animals are restless,.appear to seek out a male (when separated) and make squealing noises. The cow allows mating for one day only. In Zurich Zoo the duration of heat varied from 1-2 and the oestrous cycle from 21-25 days.
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Reproduction in black and white rhinos: a review
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