Miller, R.E., 1994. Diseases of black rhinoceroses in captivity: pp. 180-185
 | In: Penzhorn, B.L. et al. Proceedings of a symposium on rhinos as game ranch animals. Onderstepoort, Republic of South Africa, 9-10 September 1994: pp. i-iv, 1-242 |
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Diseases |
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Black Rhino |
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In maintaining black rhinoceroses in captivity, it is advisable to avoid exposure to creosote and other phenolic compounds. Exposure to these and possibly other chemicals may induce and/ or contribute to a syndrome of liver necrosis and failure. Epidemiology suggests that several recent black rhinoceros deaths in North America have been associated with exposure to creosote. Initial clinical signs are related to liver failure, including marked hyperbilirubinemia (both direct and indirect bilirubin are elevated). Terminally, mucocutancous ulcers and haemolytic anaemia may develop (it is unclear if these signs are from the toxic exposure or simply agonal events as has been noted in other black rhinoceroses with chronic diseases). The signs of liver necrosis and skin ulcers are similar to those previously reported in black rhinoceroses exposed to creosote in North America and southern Africa.
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Diseases of black rhinoceroses in captivity
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